Lubricating oil composition



L I n. M

31 Elitenteddan. 25, 1944 U NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION Sidney Musher, New York, N. Y., assignor to Masher Foundation, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application October 1, 1940, Serial No. 359,229

18 Claims.

It is among the objects of the present invention to provide improved hydrocarbon oils and particularly to provide improved lubricating oils of a hydrocarbon nature which may be derived from petroleum.

It is among the objects of the present invention to provide improved lubricating oils which will have-a decreased tendency toward sludge formation and which will have lessened tendency to cause corrosion of metallic surfaces with which such lubricating oils may come'in contact.

Still further objects and advantages will ap pear from the more detailed description set forth below, it being understood, however, that this more detailed description is given by way of illustration and explanation only, and not byway of limitation, since various changes therein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing'from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

It has now been found that substantially crude soya oil or, less preferably, crude corn or cottonseed oil when combined with certain alkyl and aryl phosphites may be added to lubricating oils to retard sludge formation and the tendency of such oils to develop corrosive surfaces on metals.

The crude soya oil is obtained either by solvent extraction from the soya been as by the use of hexane or by ex-peller or hydraulic expression.

The crude oil may Where desired be filtered or 10 to 25 mesh with the addition of a small amount of water such as up to about 10% to 20% of water against the weight of the soya beans and then placed in a screw type expeller and expressed at a temperature of about 125 F. and under high pressure whereby between about 13% and 17% of oil will be expressed from the soya beans.

The soya beans may also be subjected to a high pressure treatment such as to an explosion whereby they are placed in a chamber under an elevated temperatureamd pressure which is suddenly released, followed by expression or extraction of the crude soya oil as indicated above.

The crude soya oil may, where desired, be subjected to an elevated temperature treatment such jected to this elevated temperature treatment, it should be done preferably in the absence of air or oxygen in order to avoid any oxidative decomposition during the heating treatment.

It has been found in accordance with the present invention that when relatively large proportions of crude soya oil are utilized together with the aryl or alkyl phosphites such as from 1 to 20 parts of crude soya oil to each part of the phosphite, and particularly where the combination of the high amount of crude soya oil in the phosphite is subjected after being thoroughly admixed with the lubricating oil to an elevated temperature in excess of 350 F. and desirably to temperatures of about 400 F. to 600 F., substantial stabilization of the lubricating oil is obtained.

This is quite surprising due to the fact that normally lubricating oils, as well as glyceride oils are decomposed or broken down and rendered more subject to deterioration as a result of being subjected to such elevated temperatures.

In accordance with this invention, it is neces sary for the lubricating oil to be subjected to the elevated temperature in excess of 350 F. together with and after having had. thoroughly admixed therein the combination of the crude soya oil and the phosphites in order to develop the desired effect upon the lubricating oil.

It has been found that the interaction of the lubricating oil, crude soya oil and the phosphite is not most satisfactorily obtained unless the high heat treatment is applied to the lubricating oil after or during addition of the combination of crude soya oil and the phosphite, and it has been found particularly desirable that such heat treatment should be conducted with substantial agitation for a period of at least 10 minutes and the treatment may be continued conveniently for as long as several hours or more.

It has been found most satisfactory to add the combination of crude soya oil and the phosphite in amounts varying from 0.3% to as much as 2% although generally between 0.3% and 0.75% are sufficient to show a marked effect upon the lubrieating oil that is treated at the elevated temperature with the combination of crude soya oil and the phosphite.

Preferably a mixture of 2 to l parts of the crude soya oil to each part of the phospite by weight is employed rather than other proportions as it has generally been found that where this mixture of the crude soya oil and the phosphite is preparediand added to the lubricating oil during or followed by the elevated temperature treat- DBHTUH nuum ment, the most desirable effect on the lubricating oil is obtained.

Among the different types of the phosphites which may be employed in combination with the crude oils at the elevated temperature are triphenyl, tri-cresyl, tri-xylyl, tri-naphthyl, tri-anthacyl, tri-propyl, tri-butyl, tri-amyl and/or trihexyl phosphites and various mixed aryl-alkyl phosphites or even alkaryl phosphites or aralkyl phosphites.

Sometimes it has been found possible to use monoor di-esters instead of the tri-esters, but these are generally not as efiective as the triesters.

In place of or in addition to the phosphites it is also possible to utilize small amounts of the aryl or alkyl or other esters or compounds of sulfurous and arsenious acids.

It is also possible to utilize various organic sulfur compounds, such as the thiophenols, thioamines, mercaptans, and sulfides such as for example thiodiphenylamine or phenyl disulfide.

Together with or in lieu of the crude soya oil, cottonseed oil or corn oil, other crude glyceride oils, desirably of vegetative origin, may be employed in combination with the phosphite compound and for addition to lubricating and similar hydrocarbon oils. Among these other crude fatty glyceride oils are included particularly those extracted or expelled from the oil containing seeds and nuts, which are referred to herein under the term seeds.

It has also been found that instead of using crude soya oil it is possible to filter lubricating oils and similar hydrocarbon mixtures through a cake or meal or press cake of soya beans or through a cake or meal of corn, cottonseed or other seed.

This has been found particularly desirable where the oil already contains as an added material or is subsequently treated With the phosphite and followed by the elevated temperature treatment. As little as from 1% to 5% of the finely divided soya may be added to the lubricating oil and subsequently filtered therefrom to produce desirable stabilizing results, particularly where an elevated temperature treatment of at least 300 F. to 350 F. is employed.

In lieu of part or all of the phosphites, it is also possible to use small amounts of sulphites or arsenites and particularly their aryl or alkyl esters. It is also possible to employ small amounts of esters or salts in which a metal forms part of the acid radical, for example, such compounds as the phenyl, benzyl, toluyl, cresyl, ethyl, amyl, butyl, propyl and other aryl or alkyl esters of acids including antimony, bismuth, tungsten, chromium, vanadium, thorium, molybdenum, tantalum, columbium, manganese and, less preferably, metals such as iron, lead, tin or zinc, these metals in all cases preferably all being in a state less than their maximum oxidized state and in ous condition so as to form ites although in some instances the ic acids may be utilized which will form the ates,

Although these compounds preferably have an oxygen atom linking the metal to the carbon of the alkyl or aryl group, it is also possible to use similar compounds in which the carbon is linked directly to the metal atom or in which the intermediate linkage is by Way of a sulfur atom rather than an oxygen atom.

The present application is a continuation in part of the Musher application which matured into Patent 2,216,711 on October 1, 1940.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A process of improving lubricating oils of hydrocarbon nature to decrease sludge formation and also to decrease their tendency to cause corrosion of metal surfaces, which comprises treating the entire body of such oil with a relatively small amount of a combination of crude soya oil and a phosphite ester at an elevated temperature in excess of about 350 F.

2. A process of improving lubricating oils of hydrocarbon nature to decrease sludge formation and also to decrease their tendency to cause corrosion of metal surfaces, which comprises treating the entire body of such oil with a relatively small amount of a combination of a major proportion of a crude glyceride oil and a minor proportion of a phosphite ester at an elevated temperature in excess of about 350 F.

3. A process of improving lubricating oils of hydrocarbon nature to decrease sludge formation and also to decrease their tendency to cause corrosion of metal surfaces, which comprises treating the entire body of such oil with a relatively small amount of a combination of a crude seed oil and a phosphite ester.

4. A process of improving lubricating oils of hydrocarbon nature to decrease sludge formation and also to decrease their tendency to cause corrosion of metal surfaces which comprises treating the entire body of such oil with a relatively small amount of a combination of crude soya oil and triphenyl phosphite at an elevated temperature in excess of about 350 F.

5. A substantially stabilized lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature resistant to sludge formation and having a decreased tendency toward corrosion of metal surfaces containing the heat reaction products of the entire body of the lubricating oil with a small amount of a combina tion of crude soya oil and a phosphite ester, the amount of crude soya oil being in a major proportion to the amount of the phosphite ester.

6. A substantially stabilized lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature resistant to sludge formation and having a decreased tendency toward corrosion of metal surfaces containing the heat reaction products of the entire body of the lubricating oil with a small amount of a combination of a crude seed oil and a phosphite ester, the amount of the crude seed oil being in a major proportion to the amount of the phosphite ester.

7. A process of stabilizing a mineral oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises providing a crude soya bean oil, subjecting it to an elevated temperature treatment at about 250 F. to 500 F. for between about 5 minutes and 1 hour, and then adding said soya bean oil in minor proportion to amajor proportion of the mineral oil.

8. A stabilized lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature consisting of a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of a 250 F. to 500 F. heat treated crude soya, bean oil.

9. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises adding to the lubricating oil a small amount of crude soya bean oil and a small amount of an aryl phosphite, the proportion of crude soya bean oil ranging from 1 to 20 parts to each part of the phosphite which is added.

10. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises adding to the lubricating oil a small amount of crude soya bean oil and a small amount of an aryl phos- 252. COMPOSITIONS.

phite, the proportion of crude soya bean oil ranging from 1 to 20 parts to each part of the phosphite which is added, and then heating the combination to an elevated temperature in excess of 350 F.

11. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises adding to the lubricating oil a small amount of crude soya bean oil and a small amount of an aryl phosphite, the proportion of crude soya bean oil ranging from 1 to 20 parts to each part of the phosphite which is added, and then heating the combination to an elevated temperature in excess of 350 F. with substantial agitation for a period of 10 minutes to several hours.

12. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises adding to the lubricating oil from 0.3% to 2% of a combination of crude soya bean oil and a tri-aryl phosphite, said combination consisting of about 2 to 4 parts of crude soya bean oil to each part of phosphite by weight.

13. A process of improving lubricating oils of hydrocarbon nature to decrease sludge formation and also to decrease their tendency to cause corrosion of metal surfaces, which comprises treating the entire body of such oil with a relatively small amount of a combination of crude soya oil and tri-phenyl phosphite.

Cross Reference 14. A substantially stabilized lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature resistant to sludge formation and having a decreased tendency toward corrosion of metal surfaces containing the heat reaction products of the entire body of the lubricating oil with a small amount of a combination of crude soya oil and tri-phenyl phosphite, the amount of crude soya oil being in a major proportion to the amount of the phosphite.

15. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises treating the entire body of said oil with a small amount of crude soya bean oil.

16. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises treating the entire body of said oil with a small amount of crude soya bean oil at an elevated temperature.

1'7. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises treating said oil with a small amount of a crude seed oil.

18. A process of stabilizing a lubricating oil of hydrocarbon nature which comprises treating said oil with a small amount of a crude seed oil at an elevated temperature.

SIDNEY MUSHER.

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